/* ---------- Tokens ---------- */
:root {
  --ink: #141312;
  --ink-2: #22201d;
  --body: #46423d;
  --muted: #5e5a55;
  --faint: #8e8981;
  --line: #e6e3de;
  --line-2: #d7d2cb;
  --control: #c9c4bc;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --sand: #f2f1ee;
  --hover: #f8f7f5;
  --pink: #f8eeee;
  --red: #b3151e;
  --red-dark: #9a1219;
  --gold: #8a5a12;
  --footer: #151413;

  --serif: "Newsreader", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;

  --wrap: 1280px;
  --gutter: 40px;
  --header-h: 64px;
  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.32, 0.72, 0, 1);
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  :root { --gutter: 20px; }
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
body.is-locked { overflow: hidden; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button { font: inherit; color: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
input { font: inherit; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, p { margin: 0; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--red); outline-offset: 2px; }

.i { width: 18px; height: 18px; flex: none; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.75; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; }
.i-sm { width: 14px; height: 14px; }
.i-lg { width: 20px; height: 20px; }

.wrap { max-width: var(--wrap); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--gutter); }
.visually-hidden { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; }

/* ---------- Type helpers ---------- */
.eyebrow { font: 600 13px/1.2 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.04em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.kicker { font: 600 11px/1.2 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); }
.kicker-link { font: 600 11px/1.2 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.kicker-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.meta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; min-height: 15px; }
.kind { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font: 500 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.kind .i { width: 15px; height: 15px; }
.read-time { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.read-time .i { width: 14px; height: 14px; }
.serif { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 500; }

/* ---------- Buttons & chips ---------- */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px;
  height: 44px; padding: 0 18px; border-radius: 2px;
  font: 600 14px/1 var(--sans); white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease), color 0.15s var(--ease), border-color 0.15s var(--ease);
}
.btn-sm { height: 36px; padding: 0 14px; font-size: 13px; }
.btn-red { background: var(--red); color: #fff; }
.btn-red:hover { background: var(--red-dark); }
.btn-dark { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; }
.btn-dark:hover { background: #3d3a36; }
.btn-white { background: #fff; color: var(--ink); border: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.btn-white:hover { background: #f4f3f0; }
.btn-block { width: 100%; }

.chip {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; height: 40px; padding: 0 16px; border-radius: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--control); background: #fff; font: 500 14px/1 var(--sans); white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease), border-color 0.15s var(--ease), color 0.15s var(--ease);
}
.chip:hover { background: #f4f3f0; border-color: var(--ink); }
.chip.is-active { background: var(--ink); border-color: var(--ink); color: #fff; font-weight: 600; }
.chip-sm { height: 34px; border-radius: 17px; font-size: 13px; }
.chip-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }

.circle-btn {
  width: 44px; height: 44px; border-radius: 22px; border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease);
}
.circle-btn:hover:not(:disabled) { background: #f4f3f0; }
.circle-btn:disabled { border-color: var(--control); color: var(--control); cursor: default; }
.circle-btn.sm { width: 32px; height: 32px; }

.icon-btn { width: 44px; height: 44px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 2px; }
.icon-btn:hover { background: #f4f3f0; }

/* ---------- Header ---------- */
.site-header { position: relative; z-index: 50; background: #fff; }
.site-header.is-sticky { position: sticky; top: 0; }
.header-row { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fff; position: relative; z-index: 3; }
.header-row .wrap { height: var(--header-h); display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; align-items: center; gap: 16px; }
.header-left { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.header-right { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 20px; }
.header-link { font: 500 13px/1 var(--sans); }
.header-link:hover { color: var(--red); }

.menu-toggle .i-close { display: none; }
.menu-open .menu-toggle .i-menu { display: none; }
.menu-open .menu-toggle .i-close { display: block; }

.search-field {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; width: 260px; height: 40px; padding: 0 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--control); border-radius: 20px; background: #fff; color: var(--muted);
  font: 400 14px/1 var(--sans); text-align: left; transition: border-color 0.15s var(--ease);
}
.search-field:hover { border-color: var(--ink); }
.search-toggle-mobile { display: none; }

.logo { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.logo img { width: auto; height: 30px; }
.logo-lg img { height: 56px; }

.masthead { text-align: center; padding: 24px var(--gutter) 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.masthead p { font: 400 12px/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }

.subnav { background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); position: relative; z-index: 2; }
.subnav.is-ruled { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--ink); }
.subnav .wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 28px; height: 48px; }
.subnav a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; height: 100%; font: 500 14px/1 var(--sans); white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; padding-top: 2px; transition: color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.subnav a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.subnav a.is-active { color: var(--red); border-bottom-color: var(--red); }
.subnav .divider { width: 1px; height: 20px; background: var(--line-2); flex: none; }
.subnav .i { width: 16px; height: 16px; }
.subnav .i-teach { color: var(--gold); }
.subnav .i-coll { color: #2a7a9b; }
.home-subnav { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 40; }

/* ---------- Nav menu (opens under the header row; search bar never moves) ---------- */
.nav-menu { position: fixed; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; z-index: 55; pointer-events: none; visibility: hidden; }
.nav-menu.is-open { pointer-events: auto; visibility: visible; }
.nav-menu-panel {
  background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  clip-path: inset(0 0 100% 0); transition: clip-path 0.3s var(--ease);
}
.nav-menu.is-open .nav-menu-panel { clip-path: inset(0 0 0 0); }
.nav-menu-scrim { position: absolute; inset: 0; background: rgba(20, 20, 20, 0.45); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease); z-index: -1; }
.nav-menu.is-open .nav-menu-scrim { opacity: 1; }
.nav-menu-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr 1fr 1.05fr; gap: 40px; padding: 28px var(--gutter) 40px; max-width: var(--wrap); margin: 0 auto; }
.nav-col h3 { font: 600 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 14px; }
.nav-col ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.nav-col a { font: 400 21px/1.2 var(--serif); display: inline-flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; transition: color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.nav-col a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.nav-col a .i { width: 16px; height: 16px; margin-top: 4px; }
.nav-search { display: none; }
.nav-feature img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 2px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.nav-feature .eyebrow { font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.nav-feature h4 { font: 500 21px/1.2 var(--serif); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.nav-feature:hover h4 { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

/* ---------- Search overlay ---------- */
.search-layer { position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 60; visibility: hidden; pointer-events: none; }
.search-layer.is-open { visibility: visible; pointer-events: auto; }
.search-scrim { position: absolute; inset: 0; background: rgba(20, 20, 20, 0.45); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.2s var(--ease); }
.search-layer.is-open .search-scrim { opacity: 1; }
.search-bar { position: relative; background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-6px); transition: opacity 0.2s var(--ease), transform 0.2s var(--ease); }
.search-layer.is-open .search-bar { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.search-bar .wrap { height: var(--header-h); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; }
.search-center { flex: 1; display: flex; justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.search-box { position: relative; width: 640px; max-width: 100%; }
.search-input-wrap { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; height: 44px; padding: 0 8px 0 16px; border: 2px solid var(--ink); border-radius: 22px; background: #fff; }
.search-input-wrap input { flex: 1; border: 0; outline: 0; font: 400 15px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); min-width: 0; background: transparent; }
.search-input-wrap input::placeholder { color: var(--muted); }
.search-input-wrap input::-webkit-search-cancel-button { display: none; }
.search-close { width: 32px; height: 32px; border-radius: 16px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.search-close:hover { background: #f4f3f0; }
.search-spacer { width: 44px; flex: none; }

.search-dropdown { position: absolute; top: calc(100% + 8px); left: 0; right: 0; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ink); border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; max-height: calc(100vh - 100px); overflow: auto; }
.sd-label { font: 600 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.sd-cols { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px; }
.sd-explore a { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; padding: 10px 8px; border-radius: 4px; }
.sd-explore a:hover { background: var(--hover); }
.sd-explore strong { display: block; font: 600 14px/1.3 var(--sans); }
.sd-explore span { font: 400 12px/1.3 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.sd-explore .i { color: var(--red); }
.sd-trending a { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: baseline; padding: 8px 0; font: 500 16px/1.25 var(--serif); }
.sd-trending a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.sd-trending b { font: 400 18px/1 var(--serif); color: var(--red); min-width: 12px; }
.sd-suggest a { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 9px 8px; border-radius: 4px; font: 400 15px/1.2 var(--sans); }
.sd-suggest a b { font-weight: 700; }
.sd-suggest a:hover, .sd-suggest a.is-hl { background: var(--hover); }
.sd-results { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 12px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
.sd-result { display: flex; gap: 14px; padding: 10px; border-radius: 4px; align-items: center; }
.sd-result:hover, .sd-result.is-hl { background: var(--pink); }
.sd-result img { width: 72px; height: 72px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 2px; flex: none; }
.sd-result h4 { font: 500 18px/1.2 var(--serif); margin-top: 6px; }
.skeleton { display: flex; gap: 14px; padding: 10px; }
.skeleton .sk-img { width: 72px; height: 72px; border-radius: 2px; flex: none; }
.skeleton .sk-lines { flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; padding-top: 4px; }
.sk-img, .sk-line { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eceae6 0%, #f6f5f2 50%, #eceae6 100%); background-size: 200% 100%; animation: shimmer 1.1s linear infinite; }
.sk-line { height: 12px; border-radius: 2px; }
@keyframes shimmer { to { background-position: -200% 0; } }
.sd-all { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 12px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; font: 600 14px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--red); }
.sd-all:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.sd-empty { font: 400 14px/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); padding: 4px 8px; }

/* ---------- Story cards ---------- */
.card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; border-radius: 2px; position: relative; transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.card-img { position: relative; border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden; }
.card-img img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease); }
.card-img::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 var(--ink); transition: box-shadow 0.15s var(--ease); border-radius: 2px; pointer-events: none; }
.card-title { font: 500 24px/1.17 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; transition: color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.card-dek { font: 400 14px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }
.card:hover .card-img::after { box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--ink); }
.card:hover .card-title { color: var(--red); text-decoration-line: underline; }
.card-sm .card-title { font-size: 21px; }
.card-xs .card-title { font-size: 19px; }
.card-wide .card-img img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; }

.row-card { display: flex; gap: 14px; padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.row-card:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.row-card .row-body { flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
.row-card img { width: 96px; height: 96px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 2px; flex: none; }
.row-card .card-title { font-size: 19px; }
.row-card:hover .card-title { color: var(--red); text-decoration-line: underline; }

.text-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.text-card:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.text-card .card-title { font-size: 21px; }
.text-card:hover .card-title { color: var(--red); text-decoration-line: underline; }

.grid { display: grid; gap: 32px; }
.grid > *, .featured-grid > *, .split-56 > *, .article-layout > *, .article-hero > *, .page-banner-grid > * { min-width: 0; }
.grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
.grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 28px; }
.grid-5 { grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr); gap: 24px; }
.grid-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }

/* ---------- Section scaffolding ---------- */
.section { padding: 40px 0 72px; }
.section-tight { padding-top: 0; }
.section-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; padding-top: 14px; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); margin-bottom: 28px; }
.section-head h2 { font: 500 30px/1.1 var(--serif); }
.section-head .sub { font: 400 13px/1.3 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.section-head .title-group { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 14px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.rail-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); }

.banner { background: var(--sand); }
.banner-inner { max-width: 1440px; margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 678fr 522fr; align-items: stretch; min-height: 207px; }
.banner-copy { padding: 40px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; justify-content: center; }
.banner-copy h2 { font: 500 48px/1 var(--serif); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.banner-copy h2 .i { width: 30px; height: 30px; color: var(--red); }
.banner-copy p { font: 400 16px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--body); max-width: 560px; }
.banner-media { position: relative; z-index: 0; }
/* The photos fade to white at their left edge, and some stop short of it. Multiply turns white into the
   sand background, and an eased mask fades the edge out completely so no seam is left. */
.banner-media img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; mix-blend-mode: multiply;
  --fade: linear-gradient(var(--fade-dir, to right), transparent 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.13) 8%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 18%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.72) 28%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.92) 37%, #000 45%);
  -webkit-mask-image: var(--fade); mask-image: var(--fade);
}
.banner .actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 4px; }

/* ---------- Home ---------- */
.featured { padding: 40px 0 64px; }
.featured-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr; gap: 56px; }
.hero { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }
.hero-media { position: relative; border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden; }
.hero-media img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 763 / 477; object-fit: cover; }
.topic-banner { position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 12px 16px; background: rgba(179, 21, 30, 0.92); color: #fff; font: 500 14px/1.35 var(--sans); transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.topic-banner:hover { background: var(--red-dark); }
.topic-banner b { font-weight: 700; }
.topic-banner .i { margin-left: auto; }
.j-box { width: 27px; height: 26px; background: #fff; color: var(--red); border-radius: 2px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font: 700 13px/1 var(--sans); flex: none; }
.hero-title { font: 500 60px/1.05 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 6px; transition: color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.hero-dek { font: 400 19px/1.55 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }
.hero-link:hover .hero-title { color: var(--red); text-decoration-line: underline; }
.hero-link { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }
.most-recent .lead-card { padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.most-recent .lead-card .card-img img { aspect-ratio: 381 / 215; }

.carousel { position: relative; }
.carousel-track { display: grid; grid-auto-flow: column; grid-auto-columns: calc((100% - 4 * 28px) / 4.5); gap: 28px; overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; scroll-behavior: smooth; scrollbar-width: none; }
.carousel-track::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
.carousel-track > * { scroll-snap-align: start; }
.carousel-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }

.series-box { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; padding: 23px 20px 20px; background: var(--pink); border-top: 3px solid var(--red); transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.series-box:hover { background: #f3e2e2; }
.series-box h3 { font: 500 24px/1.15 var(--serif); }
.series-box img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 2px; }
.series-box .latest { font: 400 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.series-box h4 { font: 500 18px/1.25 var(--serif); }
.series-box:hover h4 { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.series-box .kicker-link { margin-top: auto; }

.newsletter { background: var(--red); color: #fff; overflow: hidden; }
.newsletter .wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 40px; padding-top: 48px; }
.newsletter-copy { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; padding-bottom: 48px; max-width: 580px; }
.newsletter-copy .eyebrow { color: #fff; font-size: 12px; }
.newsletter-copy h2 { font: 500 40px/1.15 var(--serif); }
.newsletter-copy p { font: 400 16px/1.5 var(--sans); }
.newsletter-copy small { font: 400 12px/1.4 var(--sans); }
.subscribe { display: flex; height: 50px; }
.subscribe input { flex: 1; min-width: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 2px 0 0 2px; padding: 0 16px; font: 400 15px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); }
.subscribe input::placeholder { color: #757575; }
.subscribe .btn { height: 50px; border-radius: 0 2px 2px 0; }
.subscribe-done { font: 600 15px/1.4 var(--sans); }
.newsletter-media { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-end; padding-bottom: 48px; }
.newsletter-media img { width: 300px; }

.promo { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr; border: 1px solid #e0dcd5; border-radius: 2px; transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.promo:hover { background: var(--hover); }
.promo img { width: 200px; height: 200px; object-fit: cover; }
.promo-body { padding: 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.promo-body .label { font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--red); }
.promo-body .label.gold { color: var(--gold); }
.promo-body h3 { font: 500 24px/1.15 var(--serif); }
.promo:hover h3 { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.promo-body p { font: 400 14px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }
.promo-body .kicker-link { margin-top: auto; }

.split-56 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr; gap: 56px; }
.tab-head { display: inline-flex; gap: 16px; align-items: center; padding: 10px 16px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-bottom: 28px; }
.tab-head .label { font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--gold); }

/* ---------- Article ---------- */
.breadcrumb { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; font: 600 11px/1.2 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.breadcrumb a { color: var(--red); }
.breadcrumb a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.breadcrumb .sep { color: var(--faint); }
.article-header { padding: 28px 0 36px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 18px; }
.article-title { font: 500 64px/1.02 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
.article-dek { font: 400 20px/1.45 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }
.byline { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 20px; padding: 14px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.byline .author { font: 600 14px/1 var(--sans); }
.byline .author a { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.byline .author a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.byline .date { font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.byline .jump { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font: 600 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--red); }
.byline .jump:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.byline .actions { margin-left: auto; display: flex; gap: 8px; }
.byline .btn { height: 40px; padding: 0 14px; }
.btn.is-saved { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; }

.article-hero { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr; gap: 40px; align-items: start; }
.article-hero figure, .article-body figure { margin: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.article-hero img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 773 / 515; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 2px; }
figcaption { font: italic 400 13px/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.collection-card { border: 1px solid var(--line-2); }
.collection-card .cc-top { height: 130px; background: var(--red); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.collection-card .cc-j { width: 64px; height: 64px; border: 2px solid #fff; color: #fff; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font: 600 30px/1 var(--serif); }
.collection-card .cc-body { padding: 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }
.collection-card h3 { font: 500 22px/1.27 var(--serif); }
.collection-card p { font: 400 14px/1.57 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }

.article-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 680px 300px; justify-content: space-between; gap: 64px; padding-bottom: 72px; }
.article-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 26px; }
.article-body > p { font: 400 21px/1.62 var(--serif); color: var(--ink-2); }
.article-body figure { margin: 8px 0; }
.article-body figure img { width: 100%; border-radius: 2px; }
.editors-note { padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font: 400 14px/1.57 var(--sans); }
.tags { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.tags .label { font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-right: 4px; }

.jstor-ref { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; position: relative; }
.jstor-ref .j-mini { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 15px; height: 15px; margin-left: 4px; background: var(--red); color: #fff; border-radius: 2px; font: 700 10px/1 var(--sans); vertical-align: 2px; text-decoration: none; }
.ref-pop {
  position: absolute; z-index: 70; width: 380px; padding: 18px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px;
  background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ink); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(20, 19, 18, 0.16);
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); transition: opacity 0.15s var(--ease), transform 0.15s var(--ease); pointer-events: none;
}
.ref-pop.is-open { opacity: 1; transform: none; pointer-events: auto; }
.ref-pop .rp-head { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font: 600 11px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.ref-pop .rp-head .j-box { width: 25px; height: 24px; background: var(--red); color: #fff; font-size: 12px; }
.ref-pop .rp-main { display: flex; gap: 14px; }
.rp-thumb { width: 72px; height: 69px; flex: none; background: #faf9f7; border: 1px solid var(--line-2); padding: 8px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; }
.rp-thumb span { height: 3px; background: var(--line-2); }
.rp-thumb span:nth-child(1) { width: 70%; background: var(--faint); }
.rp-thumb span:nth-child(3), .rp-thumb span:nth-child(5) { width: 85%; }
.ref-pop h4 { font: 500 18px/1.2 var(--serif); }
.ref-pop .rp-cite { font: 400 12px/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); margin-top: 6px; }
.ref-pop .rp-desc { font: 400 13px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }
.ref-pop .btn { height: 40px; }

.resources { padding-top: 24px; border-top: 4px solid var(--ink); margin-top: 30px; scroll-margin-top: 140px; }
.resources-title { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; font: 500 40px/1 var(--serif); margin-bottom: 12px; }
.resources-title .i { width: 26px; height: 26px; color: var(--red); }
.resources-intro { font: 400 15px/1.53 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }
.resource { padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--line-2); display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
.resource h3 { font: 500 21px/1.29 var(--serif); }
.resource .by { font: 600 14px/1.3 var(--sans); }
.resource .cite { font: 400 13px/1.38 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.resource .kicker-link { margin-top: 4px; }

.rail { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
.rail-sticky { position: sticky; top: 140px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
.rail .row-card { padding: 0; border: 0; gap: 12px; }
.rail .row-card .card-title { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.24; }
.rail-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
.rail-head .kicker { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }
.rail-head .ctrls { display: flex; gap: 6px; }
.rail-news { background: var(--sand); padding: 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.rail-news .kicker { font-size: 12px; }
.rail-news h3 { font: 500 20px/1.25 var(--serif); }
.rail-news input { height: 42px; border: 1px solid var(--line-2); padding: 0 12px; font: 400 14px/1 var(--sans); }

.read-next { background: var(--sand); padding: 64px 0; }
.read-next .card:hover { background: transparent; }
.read-next .card-title { font-size: 20px; }

/* ---------- Article tool hub ---------- */
.toolhub { position: fixed; right: 24px; bottom: 16px; z-index: 40; width: 194px; height: 203px; display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: flex-end; pointer-events: none; }
.toolhub-panel {
  pointer-events: auto; position: relative; overflow: hidden;
  width: 194px; height: 203px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); backdrop-filter: blur(4px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(20, 19, 18, 0.08);
  transition-property: width, height, border-radius, border-width, margin, box-shadow;
  transition-duration: 0.45s; transition-timing-function: var(--ease-out);
}
.toolhub.is-collapsed .toolhub-panel { width: 169px; height: 44px; border-radius: 22px; }
.th-rows, .th-pill { position: absolute; }
/* Open: pill fades out fast, then rows rise in once the panel has room. */
.th-rows { transition: opacity 0.25s var(--ease) 0.12s, transform 0.35s var(--ease-out) 0.12s; }
.th-pill { transition: opacity 0.12s var(--ease); }
.th-rows { top: 0; left: 0; width: 192px; padding: 8px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }
.th-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; height: 45px; padding: 0 12px; border-radius: 4px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font: 500 13px/1 var(--sans); text-align: left; width: 100%; transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.th-row:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.th-row:hover, .th-row:focus-visible { background: #f4f3f0; }
.th-pill { inset: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 10px; font: 600 13px/1 var(--sans); width: 100%; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; white-space: nowrap; }
/* Close: rows fade out fast, then the pill fades in as the panel settles. */
.toolhub.is-collapsed .th-rows { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); pointer-events: none; transition: opacity 0.12s var(--ease), transform 0.12s var(--ease); }
.toolhub.is-collapsed .th-pill { opacity: 1; pointer-events: auto; transition: opacity 0.2s var(--ease) 0.2s; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .toolhub-panel, .th-rows, .th-pill, .toolhub.is-collapsed .th-rows, .toolhub.is-collapsed .th-pill { transition-duration: 0.01s; transition-delay: 0s; }
}
.th-pill .i-up { width: 14px; height: 14px; }
.th-pill:hover { background: #f4f3f0; }

.toast { position: fixed; left: 50%; bottom: 24px; transform: translate(-50%, 16px); z-index: 90; background: var(--ink); color: #fff; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 4px; font: 500 14px/1 var(--sans); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.2s var(--ease), transform 0.2s var(--ease); pointer-events: none; }
.toast.is-on { opacity: 1; transform: translate(-50%, 0); }

/* ---------- Teaching ---------- */
.page-banner { background: var(--sand); }
.page-banner .wrap { padding-top: 24px; padding-bottom: 48px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 24px; }
.page-banner-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 624fr 520fr; gap: 56px; align-items: center; }
.page-banner h1 { font: 500 64px/1 var(--serif); }
.page-banner .lede { font: 400 19px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--body); margin: 18px 0; }
.page-banner img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; object-fit: cover; }
.jump-label { font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.04em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.jump-to .chip { border-radius: 2px; }

.units { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px; padding-top: 48px; }
.unit { border: 1px solid var(--gold); padding: 28px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.unit:hover { background: var(--hover); }
.unit h3 { font: 500 30px/1.15 var(--serif); }
.unit:hover h3 { color: var(--red); }
.unit .kind { color: var(--gold); }

.res-section { padding: 64px 0; scroll-margin-top: 120px; }
.res-section.alt { background: var(--sand); }
.res-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-start; gap: 16px; padding-top: 14px; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); margin-bottom: 28px; }
.res-head h2 { font: 500 40px/1 var(--serif); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.res-head p { font: 400 15px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--body); max-width: 640px; }
.res-head .btn { height: 40px; }
.res-section.alt .card:hover { background: transparent; }

/* ---------- Collections & search ---------- */
.coll-banner .wrap { padding-top: 24px; }
.editors-pick { padding: 48px 0; }
.ep-card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 36px; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 48px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ep-card img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 582 / 364; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 2px; }
.ep-card .ep-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }
.ep-card h2 { font: 500 40px/1.1 var(--serif); text-underline-offset: 5px; transition: color 0.15s var(--ease); }
.ep-card:hover h2 { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; }
.ep-card p { font: 400 17px/1.55 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }

.results-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-end; gap: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); margin: 22px 0 24px; }
.results-head h1 { font: 500 52px/1.05 var(--serif); margin-bottom: 16px; }
.results-count { font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.sort { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; font: 400 13px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.sort select { height: 38px; border: 1px solid var(--control); border-radius: 19px; padding: 0 32px 0 16px; font: 500 14px/1 var(--sans); color: var(--ink); background: #fff; appearance: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='14' height='14' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%23141312' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='m6 9 6 6 6-6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: right 12px center; cursor: pointer; }
.results-empty { padding: 40px 0; font: 400 16px/1.5 var(--sans); color: var(--body); }
.pagination { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; margin-top: 56px; }
.pagination a, .pagination span { min-width: 41px; height: 40px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 2px; font: 500 14px/1 var(--sans); }
.pagination a:hover { background: #f4f3f0; }
.pagination .is-current { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; font-weight: 600; }
.pagination .pg-arrow { width: 44px; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer { background: var(--footer); color: #cfcac2; padding: 64px 0 32px; }
.footer-top { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 40px; }
.footer-brand { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; max-width: 580px; }
.footer-brand p { font: 400 14px/1.57 var(--sans); }
.footer-col h3 { font: 600 12px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--faint); margin-bottom: 14px; }
.footer-col ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.footer-col a { font: 400 14px/1.3 var(--sans); }
.footer-col a:hover, .footer-legal a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.footer-bottom { margin-top: 48px; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid #3a3835; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; font: 400 12px/1.5 var(--sans); color: #a8a39b; }
.footer-legal { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; }

/* ---------- Tablet ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .featured-grid, .split-56 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  .grid-5 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .article-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .rail-sticky { position: static; }
  .article-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .nav-menu-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .carousel-track { grid-auto-columns: calc((100% - 2 * 28px) / 2.5); }
  .subnav .wrap { justify-content: flex-start; overflow-x: auto; scrollbar-width: none; }
  .subnav .wrap::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
}

/* ---------- Mobile ---------- */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .header-row .wrap { grid-template-columns: 44px 1fr 44px; gap: 8px; }
  .header-left .search-field, .header-right .header-link, .header-right .btn { display: none; }
  .search-toggle-mobile { display: inline-flex; }
  .header-row .logo { justify-self: center; }
  .header-right { gap: 0; }
  .masthead { padding: 16px var(--gutter); }
  .logo-lg img { height: 40px; }
  .subnav .wrap { gap: 22px; }

  .nav-menu-panel { height: 100%; overflow-y: auto; }
  .nav-menu-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; padding: 20px var(--gutter) 40px; }
  .nav-search { display: flex; }
  .nav-search .search-field { width: 100%; height: 44px; border-radius: 22px; }
  .nav-feature { display: none; }

  .search-bar .wrap { height: 64px; gap: 8px; }
  .search-bar .menu-toggle, .search-spacer { display: none; }
  .search-dropdown { position: fixed; top: 72px; left: 12px; right: 12px; max-height: calc(100vh - 88px); padding: 16px; }
  .sd-cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }

  .featured { padding: 24px 0 40px; }
  .hero-title { font-size: 40px; }
  .hero-dek { font-size: 17px; }
  .topic-banner { position: static; }
  .grid-3, .grid-2, .grid-4, .grid-5 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .carousel-track { grid-auto-columns: 78%; gap: 20px; }
  .section { padding: 32px 0 48px; }
  .section-head h2 { font-size: 26px; }
  .section-head { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .banner-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .banner-copy { padding: 28px var(--gutter); }
  .banner-copy h2 { font-size: 36px; }
  .banner-media img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 7; --fade-dir: to bottom; }
  .newsletter .wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  .newsletter-copy h2 { font-size: 30px; }
  .newsletter-media img { width: 220px; }
  .subscribe { flex-direction: column; height: auto; gap: 8px; }
  .subscribe input { flex: none; height: 50px; border-radius: 2px; }
  .subscribe .btn { border-radius: 2px; }
  .promo { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .promo img { width: 100%; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; }

  .article-title { font-size: 40px; }
  .article-dek { font-size: 17px; }
  .byline { gap: 12px 16px; }
  .byline .actions { margin-left: 0; width: 100%; }
  .byline .actions .btn { flex: 1; }
  .article-body > p { font-size: 19px; }
  .resources-title { font-size: 32px; }
  .ref-pop { width: calc(100vw - 32px); }
  .read-next { padding: 40px 0 120px; }

  .toolhub { left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; width: auto; height: 90px; }
  .toolhub-panel { width: 100%; height: 90px; border-radius: 0; border-width: 1px 0 0; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96); box-shadow: 0 -4px 16px rgba(20, 19, 18, 0.06); }
  .toolhub.is-collapsed .toolhub-panel { width: 50px; height: 43px; border-radius: 12px 12px 0 0; border-width: 1px 1px 0; margin-right: 16px; }
  .th-rows { width: 100vw; flex-direction: row; padding: 4px 8px 18px; gap: 0; }
  .th-row { flex: 1; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; gap: 6px; height: 67px; padding: 0 4px; border: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2; }
  .th-pill .th-label, .th-pill .i-grid { display: none; }

  .page-banner-grid, .units, .ep-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .page-banner h1 { font-size: 40px; }
  .res-head { flex-direction: column; }
  .res-head h2 { font-size: 32px; }
  .results-head { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
  .results-head h1 { font-size: 34px; }
  .ep-card h2 { font-size: 30px; }
  .chip-row.scroll { flex-wrap: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; scrollbar-width: none; margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--gutter)); padding-right: var(--gutter); }
  .chip-row.scroll::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }

  .footer-top { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; scroll-behavior: auto !important; }
}